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高分GRE写作提纲举例指导
21"Reform is seldom brought about by people who are concerned with their own reputation and social standing. Those who are really in earnest about reforming a government, an educational system, or any ot her institution must be willing to be viewed with disdain by the rest of the world."
.部分同意
1、只顾自己的 reputation and social standing 的人无法带来真正的革命
rebellion instigated by farmers; finally yield to the governer who garentee the head of the rebels official oppsition and wealth
2、真正带来革命的人不关心自己的 reputation and so cial standing
Martin Luther King
3、带来革命的人也希望大家都来支持，而不是受轻视，否则革命很难成功
Mahatma Gandi
21T "Reform is seldom brought about by people who are concerned with their own reputation and social standing. Those who are re ally in earnest about reformin g a government, an educational system, or any other institution must be willing to be viewed with disdain by the rest of the world."
.在乎自己声望和社会地位的人很少能带来改革。而那些真正想要改善一个政府、一个教育系统或者其他机构的人却必须要接受世界上其他人的蔑视。
① 因为改革总是对于利益的重新分配，因而不可避免的会引起一部分人的不满，所以想要改革的人不可避免的要接受一部分人的蔑视。如：对贵族 noble 权利的剥夺
② 在乎自己声望和社会地位的人是不能带来改革的。一方面，他们可能只是想被选举上，没想过要改革;另一方面，当改革遇到困难时，他们会倾向于退缩
③ 当改革的长远效果显示出来时，真正英明的人的声望会加倍。如：Gandhi， Roosevelt
Though no explicit static data, it’s not difficult to find that earnest in seeking personal reputation is always bound with eagerness to involve in social affairs such as reforming.
Then there seems to be a paradox, since earnest in social affairs always goes with ardor for personal reputation, how one manages to sacrifice the latter for the former?
Yet it’s unfair to ignore the contribution to any beneficial reforming of common people who may not show so much care for earnin g reputation or standing.
高分GRE写作提纲举例指导
22"Many people believe that a few individuals or small groups (family, friends, teachers, celebrities, for example) have caused them to think and behave in the way they do. Yet it is always society as a whole that defines us and our attitudes, not a few individuals."
.分同意
1、社会作为一个整体 define our attitudes and behavior
japan diligence; moral behavior; romantic life style in France; open-minded and tolerant American
2、日常生活中，我们更多的是受到周围人的影响
3、周围人的影响更深
criminals; autocratic society, th ose advocate democracy are influenc ed not by society but by people around
22T "Many people believe that a few individuals or small groups (family, friends, teachers, celebrities, for example) have caused them to think and behave in the way they do. Yet it is always society as a whole that defines us and our attitudes, not a few individuals."
很多人认为只是一些个人或者小团体(比如家庭、朋友、老师、名人)促成了他们的思维和行动。其实一直以来不是一些个人而是社会作为一个整体在定义我们和我们的态度。
①被小群体影响。因为与我们自身更密切相关。如：选学校
②被社会媒体以及因特网影响：
③被社会传统影响
society as a whole defines us and our attitudes.
in daily life, we are more often affected by those persons, who are around us
each individual is under dual im pact both of society as a whole and small groups as a part
高分GRE写作提纲举例指导
23"Contemporary technology makes available many small pieces of factual information. As a result, people have become so preoccupied with bits of fragmented information that they pay too little attention to the larger issues and overall perspectives."
.同意
1、获得更多信息后可以避免 being limited in thoughts
SARS 时期，全方位了解该事件的信息，virus; contagion; prevention; causes; risks
2、看到琐碎信息后会引起兴趣了解整体
Christmas; read the news about the prosperous holiday business; want to know more includig customs, origin, legends of Christmas;
3、为了避免被琐碎信息 preoccupied，要学会区分和查找关键信息
学习新知识
23T "Contemporary technology makes available many small pieces of factual information. As a result, people have become so preoccupied with bits of fragmented information that they pay too little attention to the larger issues and overall perspectives."
现代技术使获得大量细节信息成为可能。其结果是人们全神贯注于七零八碎的信息而很少去注意更大的问题和全局。
①access to great deal of information help people to get a wider view of an issue, thus help them prevent being limited in thoughts.
②in order to discrimitate between important information and trifle ones, people improve themselves in the ability to understand, analyse, compare and rationalize, which is very useful for them to get a better command of large issues ( need profound understanding and capability to deal with complicated cases)
③to prevent preoccupation by fragmented information, people should hold right view on information, not to assimulate all, but to percollate relevant ones from those needing only a glance.
高分GRE写作提纲举例指导
24"People in positions of power are most effective when they exercise caution and restraint in the use of that power."
.意
1、小心谨慎使用可以帮助更好理解权利，更有效使用权利
political leader 了解权利使用会带来什么影响，制定有效计划
increase taxation
2、没有限制地使用权利容易 abuse power
Stalin Nixon
3、过于谨慎小心会难以发挥权利的作用，对管理和统治不利，降低效率
manager of a company; exercise power to fire incompetent or un disciplined employee
24T "People in positions of power are most effective when they exercise caution and restraint in the use of that power."
.者谨慎并有限度的使用他们权力的时候他们的工作才最有效力。
①绝对的权力会导致绝对的腐败。如：Stalin.
②当当权者谨慎的考虑如何使用权力时，他们会更有效率。因为就如经济学所说的，他们会在各种方案之中 trade off, 在有限的资源下选择最优方案。如：现在各种政府方案，甚至会引发商业等各界的参与，进行广泛的竞争，对整个社会都是有益的
③但领袖们不可因为考虑审慎而被束缚了手脚。真正的政治家会因目标而选取自己的手段。如：Czar Peter, the blood-and- iron minister in Russia.反面例子：Sun yat-sen
2.1 people without caution and restraint tent to abuse the power they are granted
2.2 caution and restraint assist people to have better understand and make better use of the power
2.3 caution and restraint do not mean tying oneself up
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