GRE写作怎么论证更有说服力?这8大论证方法不可不知,快来看看吧，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
GRE写作怎么论证更有说服力?这8大论证方法不可不知
GRE写作论证方法：演绎推理论证法
将一个具体的事例运用到一个一般性原则从而得出结论。
论点：demand for this product wii go up。
论据：The price of the product is sliding.
推理依据：Whenever prices of a product go down , demand for it rises.
(说明：由论据“the price of the product is sliding ”推出论点“Demand for this product will go up”,这个过程是否有效取决于推理依据“whenever prices of a product go down , demand for it rises”是否成立。下面每一种论证方法都是如此)
GRE写作论证方法：定义法
界定一个概念的关键内涵;或者认定某个事物符合某个定义，从而得出结论。例如：
论点：Radical feminists are not good citizens.
论据：Radical feminists lack family values.
推理依据：Family values characterize the good citizes.
GRE写作论证方法：因果关系论证法
将一个判断放入一个因果关系中，指出它或者是原因，或者是结果。例如：
论点：The internet may be causing depression.
论据：When a group of people increased their use of the Internet , they felt depressed.
推理依据：There are no other reasons for the group's depression.
GRE写作论证方法：归纳推理论证法
从若干个具体事例中推出共性的一般结论。如：
论点：Everyone likes the movie.
论据：I know three people who like the movie.
推理依据：Three eaxmples are enough.
GRE写作论证方法：列举特征式论证法
指出某事物发生或者生存的征候或者迹象。例如：
论点：The child has chickenpox.
论据：The child has red spots.
推理依据：These spots are signs of chickenpox.
GRE写作论证方法：类比论证法
用我们已知的、熟悉的事物同未知的。不熟悉的事物加以比较，并用前者的情况解释者 的情况。分为三种：纵向类比(过去的事物同现在的、同一类事物的类比)、横向类比(同一 时期、同一事物之间的类比)、比喻式类比(不同类别事物之间的类比)。例如：
1.纵向类比(Historical analogy)
论点：Many people will die of SARS.
论据：Many people died of the Black Death.
推理依据：SARS and Black Death are similar.
2.横向类比(Literal analogy)
论点：China should have its fighter carriers.
论据：A neighboring country has a powerful carrier fleet.
推理依据：The two countries are similar enough to draw such a comparison.
3.比喻式类比(Metaphorical analogy)
论点：Reading a difficult book should take time.
论据：Digesting a large metal takes time.
推理依据：Reading and eating are sufficiently alike to be compared.
GRE写作论证方法：引用权威论证法
引用公认的权威，或者论证自己就是权威从而对自己的观点加以论证。例如：
论点：China's economy will grow 8 poercent this year.
论据：Professors and scientists say so.
推理依据：These experts are reliable.
GRE写作论证方法：诉诸尝试法
利用人们的常识【包括：普遍的价值观念、人的普遍动机、生活常识】进行论证。例如：
1.诉诸普遍性的价值观念。
论点：The university curriculum should be multicultural.
论据：A multicultural curriculum will contribute to equality and acceptance.
推理依据：You value equality and acceptance.
只是一个详细的结构上的分析说明，在具体运用时，我们经常讲推理依据和论据放在了一起，但只要合理即可。论据可以自己编造，也可以是大众的例子，关键在于自己怎么样建立论点和论据之间的桥梁。上面的这些技巧，可能我们只用到某种或某几种，但我们必须得会至少一种。
GRE Issue写作优秀实例：实用的意义
题目：
Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must serve.Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today's world.
正文：
In today’s society idealism seems to become an ideology that is marginalized and practicality is our great idol, thus, the speaker asserts that anything that is not practical bears little value. I admit that being practical is the wide-accepted dogma in order to survive in this world, but by going too far to claim that anything that is not practical has little value is against the empirical observation as well as the general stimulus that push the human society forward.
Admittedly, practicality has become a cult in today’s society. Too often do we hear people talk about being practical whenever they come to make important decisions or choose between several alternatives. The deep-rooted cause underlying this phenomenon is that with the development of modern society, the emphasis is placed more on financial gaining, quick fame, sensible choice and so forth. Our society is rather stable compared with that of the last century when war, violence, human right movements has become the symbol of that period. People are enjoying this peaceful environment with less crucial missions rested upon them and as a result, they shift from idealism to struggle for the common well being of mankind to the practical concept of individual achievement.
This ideology has its merits since after all the disaster and upheaval that our human race has undergone, it is judicious to focus on the economic aspect of things in order to tackle the most important social problems such as poverty, hunger and environmental problems which all deserve us to sit down and work out practical solutions. On the personal level, being practical is how a person would possibly succeed in his career or personal life. One is likely to make sensible decisions for his education and job choice on the basis of practical consideration of his own strength and weakness and careful analysis of the prospect of research direction and job market. Even those in power and intellects need to consider practically since hasty decision built upon pure ideal meditation would hardly find its way in the modern society and is doom to failure.
Agreeing with the speaker that practicality has become the great idol in our society, I am strongly against his point that anything that is not practical has little value. Even in today’s society, idealism is by no means relegated to the place of total neglect and disregard. For one thing, in history, so much achievement is the outcome of several generations’ struggle such as fighting for equality for women, human rights movement,etc. In today’s society, practicality is the way we can obtain our goal but idealism offers the philosophical explanation of why we should set this as our goal and the clear the ultimate value of our pursuing. What is more, by totally fixed one's eyes upon the practical aspect of things, we face the danger of neglecting one important part of our pursuit, that is the mental enjoyment brought out by idealism. If we have a clear goal set in mind and put practical endeavor at the same time, the result would be more satisfactory and valuable.
To sum up, I agree with the speaker insofar as the wide acceptance of practicality is considered. Being practical is the tenet of modern society and it does shed light on the wise way of doing things and obtaining goals, no matter in the personal or social level.But the speaker goes too far by claiming that it is the only valuable ideology in society.I am strongly against this idea since in history or at present, we human beings still need the philosophical explanation to clear our goal and to provide motivation. In this aspect, idealism would never be replaced with pure practical consideration. Otherwise,human society will be replete with insensible people directed by economic profit and quick fame and recognition.
GRE作文优秀范例
"The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished."
Sample Essay
The intensity of today’s media coverage has been greatly magnified by the sheer number and types of media outlets that are available today. Intense competition for the most revealing photographs and the latest information on a subject has turned even minor media events into so-called "media frenzies". Reporters are forced by the nature of the competition to pry ever deeper for an angle on a story that no one else has been able to uncover. With this type of media coverage, it does become more and more likely that anyone who is subjected to it will have his or her reputation tarnished, as no individual is perfect. Everyone makes mistakes. The advances in technology have made much information easily and instantaneously available. Technology has also made it easier to dig further than ever before into a person’s past, increasing the possibility that the subject’s reputation may be harmed.
The above statement is much too broad, however. "Anyone" covers all people all over the world. There are people whose reputations have only been enhanced by media scrutiny. There are also people whose reputations were already so poor that media scrutiny could not possibly diminish it any further. There may very well be people that have done nothing wrong in the past, at least that can be discovered by the media, whose reputations could not be diminished by media scrutiny. To broadly state that "anyone" subjected to media coverage will have his or her status sullied implies that everyone’s reputation worldwide is susceptible to damage under any type of media scrutiny. What about children, particularly newborn children? What about those people whose past is entirely unknown?
Another problem with such a broad statement is that it does not define the particular level of media scrutiny. Certainly there are different levels of media coverage. Does merely the mention of one’s name in a newspaper constitute media scrutiny? What about the coverage of a single event in someone’s life, for example a wedding or the birth of a baby? Is the media coverage of the heroic death of a firefighter or police officer in the line of duty ever going to diminish that person’s reputation? It seems highly unlikely that in these examples, although these people may have been subjected to media scrutiny, these individual’s reputations are undamaged and potentially enhanced by such exposure.
Without a doubt, there are many examples of individual’s whose reputations have been diminished by media scrutiny. The media’s uncovering of former U.S. President Bill Clinton’s affair with Monica Lewinsky will most likely overshadow the entire eight years of his administration. Basketball superstar Michael Jordan’s sterling reputation has been tarnished more than once by the media; first by media coverage of his gambling habits, then most recently (and in a much more harmful manner) by news reports of his marital infidelities and the divorce from his wife of thirteen years. Fame and fortune can turn an ordinary individual into a media target where reporters will stop at almost nothing to "dig up dirt" that will sell more newspapers or entice more viewers to watch a television program. It could even be argued that media scrutiny killed Princess Diana as her car sped away from the privacy-invading cameras of reporters in Paris. There is no doubt that there are a large number of people who have been hurt in one way or another by particularly intense media scrutiny.
In summary, it seems impossible that for every person that is subjected to media scrutiny, his or her reputation will eventually be diminished. Millions of people are mentioned in the media every day yet still manage to go about their lives unhurt by the media. Normal individuals that are subjected to media scrutiny can have their reputation either enhanced or damaged depending on the circumstances surrounding the media coverage. The likelihood of a diminished reputation from the media rises proportionally with the level of notoriety that an individual possesses and the outrageousness of that person’s behavior. The length of time in the spotlight can also be a determining factor, as the longer the person is examined in the media, the greater the possibility that damaging information will be discovered or that the individual will do something to disparage his or her reputation. But to broadly state that media scrutiny will diminish anyone’s reputation is to overstate the distinct possibility that, given a long enough time and a certain level of intensity of coverage, the media may damage a person’s reputation.
